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Study Suggests Myopia Prevalence Decreases With Outdoor Activity
Nearsightedness or nearsightedness is a vision defect that occurs when a person’s eyes are unable to properly focus light from distant objects on the retina. Someone with myopia can see close objects clearly, but distant objects are blurry.
Myopia generally first appears in elementary-aged children, although it can also develop in adults. Research shows that it is a hereditary trait – children whose parents are short-sighted are also more common. Although the tendency to acquire nearsightedness is likely to be inherited, the development of this condition can be influenced by the way a person uses their eyes. For example, a person who spends a lot of time reading or who does computer work or other close visual work may be at a higher risk of developing myopia.
Myopia has become more common over the past 50 years, and now affects an estimated 1.6 billion people worldwide, with the number expected to rise to 2.5 billion by 2020, according to the Eye Research Institute. In the United States, nearsightedness (myopia) affects nearly 30 percent of the population.
A team of Australian researchers believe that the increase in cases of myopia is a result of more children being raised in environments where they cannot see distant objects and their eyes are not adapted to focus on distant objects as they develop. Global cases of myopia are most common in societies where children watch television and play computer games instead of playing outside, they say. In cities like Hong Kong and Tokyo, 30 to 50 percent of 12-year-old children are nearsighted; in the United States it is about 20 percent for this age group.
A report published in the January issue of Optometry and Vision Science found that children with myopia spent an average of 8.3 hours a week outside, and children without myopia spent an average of 12.6 hours outside. The study also found that myopic children watched an average of several extra hours of television per week.
Researchers at The New England College of Optometry said sunlight can expand the range of clearly visible objects. The effect appeared to be similar for both active and passive outdoor activities.
Symptoms and correction of myopia
Common symptoms of myopia in children include squinting to see distant objects, difficulty reading the board at school, sitting too close to the television, and not being interested in playing outside.
Myopia doubles the risk of glaucoma and retinal detachment, both of which can lead to vision loss later in life.
A basic vision test will determine if a person is nearsighted. Myopia is relatively easy to correct with contact lenses or glasses. The lens bends the images that enter the eye and focuses the image properly. Depending on the severity of a person’s myopia, wearers may only need to wear their lenses for certain activities. Adults can also consider laser surgery, which can only be done after the eyeball is fully developed.
Another option for treating myopia is called orthokeratology, or corneal refractive therapy. With this treatment, myopic patients wear specially designed rigid contact lenses that gradually reshape the cornea.
For more information about myopia or other eye health [http://www.contactlensking.com/eyehealth.aspx] topics, visit Contact Lens King.
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